Chemistry

Learn how to calculate Gibbs Free Energy to predict reaction spontaneity using enthalpy, entropy, and temperature in thermodynamic processes.

Learn how to calculate Gibbs’ Phase Rule to determine the degrees of freedom in multi-phase, multi-component systems in thermodynamics.

Learn how to calculate the heat of combustion accurately using chemical equations, enthalpy values, and energy changes for fuels and substances.

Learn how to perform calculations at STP, using standard temperature (0°C) and pressure (1 atm) for accurate gas volume and mole conversions.

Learn how to calculate vapor pressure using temperature, Antoine equation, and other methods for accurate determination in various substances.