Calculation of Entropy Change (ΔS)
Learn how to calculate entropy change (ΔS) in thermodynamic processes with formulas, examples, and step-by-step explanations.
Chemical Thermodynamics
Calculation of Standard Entropy (S°)
Learn how to calculate standard entropy (S°) with step-by-step methods, formulas, and examples for accurate thermodynamic analysis.
Calculation of Gibbs Free Energy (ΔG = ΔH – TΔS)
Learn how to calculate Gibbs Free Energy (ΔG = ΔH – TΔS) to predict reaction spontaneity using enthalpy, entropy, and temperature values.
Calculation of Reaction Spontaneity (sign of ΔG)
Learn how to determine reaction spontaneity by calculating the sign of ΔG and predicting if a reaction is spontaneous, non-spontaneous, or at equilibrium.
Calculation of Equilibrium Temperature (when ΔG = 0)
Learn how to calculate equilibrium temperature by setting Gibbs free energy change (ΔG) to zero for chemical reactions and processes.