Calculate enzymatic activity (U/mL) by converting assay absorbance and reaction parameters into precise enzyme units for accurate biochemical analysis.

Determine protein concentration via Bradford, Lowry, and BCA assays for fast, accurate, and reliable biochemical quantification.

Calculation of osmolarity and tonicity of solutions: a guide to determining solute concentration effects on cell fluid balance using key formulas and examples.

Calculate buffer capacity using key formulas and methods to assess solution buffering effectiveness under varying pH and concentration conditions.

Calculation of pKa and pKb for weak acids and bases reveals their equilibrium properties and strength, aiding in accurate chemical analysis.