Physicochemical Properties and Measurements

Learn how to calculate density in g/mL with simple formulas and examples for accurate measurement of mass per unit volume in liquids and solids.

Learn how to calculate the electrical conductivity of a solution using concentration, ion mobility, and temperature for accurate measurement results.

Calculate the electrical conductivity of a solution using precise equations and measurement techniques for accurate lab analysis.

Calculate density (g/mL) easily using simple formulas and examples. A concise guide for determining mass per unit volume accurately and quickly.

Calculate pH easily with the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation—master acid-base balance using our concise, step-by-step guide for reliable chemical computations.