Chemistry

Accurately calculate oligonucleotide annealing temperature (Tm) for PCR. Optimize primer design with robust equations for precise hybridization control.

Calculate qPCR amplification efficiency using standard curves and dilution series for accurate gene quantification results.

Calculate DNA copy numbers with step-by-step formulas and methods for precise molecular biology quantification and research accuracy.

Calculate the A260/A280 ratio to accurately assess nucleic acid purity, ensuring reliable DNA/RNA quality for optimal molecular biology analysis.

Calculate DNA/RNA concentration using A260 absorbance. Learn conversion factors and protocols for rapid, accurate nucleic acid quantification.