Mixtures and Solutions

Learn how to calculate the osmolarity of a solution accurately using solute concentration and dissociation factors for precise scientific measurements.

Learn how to calculate tonicity to classify solutions as hypotonic, isotonic, or hypertonic based on solute concentration and osmotic pressure.

Learn how to calculate osmotic pressure using the formula π = MRT, where π is osmotic pressure, M is molarity, R is the gas constant, and T is temperature.

Learn how to calculate colligative properties like freezing point depression, boiling point elevation, and osmotic pressure with clear formulas and examples.

Learn how to calculate the solubility product constant (Ksp) to determine the solubility of ionic compounds in aqueous solutions.