Biochemistry

Learn how to calculate amplification efficiency in qPCR to ensure accurate quantification and reliable gene expression analysis results.

Learn how to accurately calculate oligonucleotide annealing temperature (Tm) for optimal PCR and hybridization results using key formulas and factors.

Step-by-step guide to calculating accurate doses for restriction enzymes, ligases, polymerases, and other molecular biology reagents.

Learn how to calculate DNA/vector ligation molar ratios and determine the required DNA amounts in ng for efficient cloning and ligation reactions.

Learn how to calculate transfection and transformation efficiency accurately to optimize gene delivery and molecular biology experiments.