Atomic and Molecular Tools

Accurate atomic calculations for precise modeling of atomic structures, properties, and interactions in physics and chemistry research.

Learn how to calculate atomic mass by averaging the masses of isotopes based on their relative abundances in a simple, step-by-step process.

Learn how to calculate average atomic mass by using isotopic masses and their relative abundances in a simple, step-by-step process.

Learn how to calculate bond orders to determine bond strength and stability using molecular orbital theory and electron configurations.

Learn how to accurately calculate and determine chemical names using IUPAC rules for clear and precise chemical compound identification.